diff --git a/modules/intermediate_format/preprocessing.xqm b/modules/intermediate_format/preprocessing.xqm
index a6f289557aeada0224fe452927c9f588c538ba66..fbbbd8712deb86e5e6e881e09670709ef6553a37 100644
--- a/modules/intermediate_format/preprocessing.xqm
+++ b/modules/intermediate_format/preprocessing.xqm
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 xquery version "3.0";
-(:~  
+(:~
  : PREPROCESSING Module ("pre", "http://bdn.edition.de/intermediate_format/preprocessing")
  : *******************************************************************************************
  : This module contains the preprocessing routines for the intermediate format
  :
  : It imports the whitespace handling helper module to make some whitespace handling duricng the preprocessing
- 
+
  : @version 2.0 (2018-01-29)
  : @status working
  : @author Uwe Sikora
@@ -18,20 +18,20 @@ declare default element namespace "http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0";
 
 (:############################# Modules Functions #############################:)
 
-(:~  
+(:~
  : pre:preprocessing-textNode
  : preprocessing function which converts each text() into a xml-node "textNode". This function is a experimental fall back solution and not the main preprocessing routine!
  :
  : @param $nodes the nodes to be converted
  : @return item()* representing the converted node
- : 
+ :
  : @version 1.2 (2017-10-15)
  : @status working
  : @author Uwe Sikora
  :)
 declare function pre:preprocessing-textNode
     ($nodes as node()*) as item()* {
-    
+
     for $node in $nodes
     return
         typeswitch($node)
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing-textNode
                     }
                 )
             )
-            
+
             case element(TEI) return (
                 element{$node/name()}{
                     $node/@*,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing-textNode
                     }
                 }
             )
-            
+
             case element(lem) return (
                 element{$node/name()}{
                     $node/@*,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing-textNode
                     pre:preprocessing-textNode($node/node())
                 }
             )
-            
+
             case element(rdg) return (
                 element{$node/name()}{
                     $node/@*,
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing-textNode
                     pre:preprocessing-textNode($node/node())
                 }
             )
-            
+
             case element(note) return (
                 if ($node[@type eq "editorial"]) then (
                 ) else (
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing-textNode
                     }
                 )
             )
-            
-            default return ( 
+
+            default return (
                 element{$node/name()}{
                     $node/@*,
                     pre:preprocessing-textNode($node/node())
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing-textNode
 };
 
 
-(:~  
+(:~
  : pre:pre:default-element
  : function that suites as default element constructor for the preproseccing conversion.
  : It is more or less a copy function, copying the elements name and its node and recurively leeds the conversion to its child-nodes
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing-textNode
  : @param $node the node to be copied
  : @param $recursive-function the recursive function as some kind of call back to the main conversion
  : @return item()* representing the converted node
- : 
+ :
  : @version 1.0 (2018-01-31)
  : @note Would be great if $recursive-function would be a real function and not a node-sequence (TO-DO)
  : @status working
@@ -106,39 +106,49 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing-textNode
  :)
 declare function pre:default-element
     ( $node as node(), $recursive-function as node()* ) as item()* {
-
-    element{$node/name()}{
-        $node/@*,
-        $recursive-function
-    }
+    let $following-node := $node/following-sibling::node()[1]
+    let $following-sibling := $node/following-sibling::*[1]
+    return
+        element{$node/name()}{
+            $node/@*,
+            (if($following-node[matches(., "[\s\n\r\t]") and normalize-space(.) = ""]
+            and $following-sibling[self::ref or self::app or self::hi or self::bibl
+            or self::foreign or self::choice or self::milestone or self::persName
+            or self::choice or self::index]
+            and not($node[self::index]))
+            then
+                attribute {"break-after"}{"yes"}
+            else ()),
+            $recursive-function
+        }
 };
 
 
-(:~  
+(:~
  : pre:preprocessing
  : main preprocessing function.
  :
  : @param $nodes the nodes to be converted
  : @return item()* representing the converted node
- : 
+ :
  : @version 2.0 (2018-02-01)
  : @status working
  : @author Uwe Sikora
  :)
 declare function pre:preprocessing
     ($nodes as node()*) as item()* {
-    
+
     for $node in $nodes
     return
         typeswitch($node)
             case processing-instruction() return ()
-            
+
             case text() return (
                 whitespace:text($node, " ")
             )
-            
+
             case comment() return ()
-            
+
             case element(TEI) return (
                 element{$node/name()}{
                     $node/@*,
@@ -150,19 +160,19 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing
                     }
                 }
             )
-            
+
             case element(teiHeader) return ( $node )
-            
+
             case element(div) return (
                 if ($node[@type = 'section-group']) then (
                     pre:preprocessing($node/node())
-                ) 
+                )
                 else (
                     pre:default-element( $node, pre:preprocessing($node/node()) )
                 )
-                
+
             )
-            
+
             case element(lem) return (
                 element{$node/name()}{
                     $node/@*,
@@ -170,7 +180,7 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing
                     pre:preprocessing($node/node())
                 }
             )
-            
+
             case element(rdg) return (
                 element{$node/name()}{
                     $node/@*,
@@ -178,87 +188,118 @@ declare function pre:preprocessing
                     pre:preprocessing($node/node())
                 }
             )
-            
+
             case element(note) return (
                 if ( $node[@type != "editorial"] or $node[ not(@type) ] ) then (
                     pre:default-element( $node, pre:preprocessing($node/node()) )
                 ) else ( )
             )
-            
+
             case element(pb) return (
                 let $preceding-sibling := $node/preceding-sibling::node()[1]
                 let $following-sibling := $node/following-sibling::node()[1]
+                let $following-element := $node/following::*[1]
                 let $first := $node = $node/parent::node()/node()[not(self::text() and normalize-space(self::node()) = '')][1]
                 let $ignore := ("docAuthor", "app", "index", "seg", "bibl")
                 return
                     element {$node/name()}{
                         $node/@*,
-                         
-                        if ( 
+
+                        if (
                             ( $preceding-sibling[self::text() and not(normalize-space(.) = '')] and ends-with($preceding-sibling, " ") = false() )
                             and
                             ( $following-sibling[self::text() and not(normalize-space(.) = '')] and starts-with($following-sibling, " ") = false() )
-                        ) then ( attribute {"break"}{"no"} ) 
-                        
-                        (:else if ( 
+                        ) then ( attribute {"break"}{"no"} )
+
+                        (:else if (
                                 ( $preceeding-sibling[self::text() and not(normalize-space(.) = '')] and ends-with($preceeding-sibling, " ") = true() )
                                 and
                                 ( $following-sibling[self::text() and not(normalize-space(.) = '')] and starts-with($following-sibling, " ") = true() )
                             ) then ( attribute {"clear"}{"left"} ) :)
-                            
-                        (:else if ( $following-sibling[self::docAuthor or self::app or self::index or self::seg or self::bibl] ) then (
-                            attribute {"break"}{"yes"}
-                        ):)
-                        
-                        else if ( 
+
+                        else if (
                             ( $preceding-sibling[matches(., "[\s\n\r\t]") and normalize-space(.) = ""] )
                             and
                             ( $following-sibling[matches(., "[\s\n\r\t]") and normalize-space(.) = ""] )
                         ) then (
-                            attribute {"break"}{"yes"}
+                            attribute {"break-before"}{"yes"},
+                            attribute {"break-after"}{"yes"}
+                        )
+                        else if (
+                            $preceding-sibling[matches(., "[\s\n\r\t]") and normalize-space(.) = ""]
+                        ) then (
+                            attribute {"break-before"}{"yes"}
+                        )
+                        else if (
+                            $following-sibling[matches(., "[\s\n\r\t]") and normalize-space(.) = ""]
+                        ) then (
+                            attribute {"break-after"}{"yes"}
                         )
-                        
                         else ( )
                     }
             )
-            
+
             case element(hi) return (
-                if($node[@rend = 'right-aligned' or @rend = 'center-aligned']) then(
+            if($node[@rend = 'right-aligned' or @rend = 'center-aligned']) then(
                     element {'aligned'} {
                         $node/@*,
                         pre:preprocessing($node/node())
-                    } 
+                    }
                 )
                 else (
                     pre:default-element( $node, pre:preprocessing($node/node()) )
                 )
             )
-            
+
             case element(seg) return (
                 if($node[@type = 'item']) then(
                     element {'item'} {
                         $node/@*[name() != 'type'],
                         pre:preprocessing($node/node())
-                    } 
+                    }
                 )
                 else if($node[@type = 'head']) then(
                     element {'head'} {
                         $node/@*[name() != 'type'],
                         pre:preprocessing($node/node())
-                    } 
+                    }
                 )
                 else if($node[@type = 'row']) then(
                     element {'row'} {
                         $node/@*[name() != 'type'],
                         pre:preprocessing($node/node())
-                    } 
+                    }
                 )
                 else (
                     pre:default-element( $node, pre:preprocessing($node/node()) )
                 )
             )
-            
-            default return ( 
+
+            case element(ref) return (
+                whitespace:set-additional-whitespace($node)
+            )
+
+            case element(app) return (
+                whitespace:set-additional-whitespace($node)
+            )
+
+            case element(bibl) return (
+                whitespace:set-additional-whitespace($node)
+            )
+
+            case element(foreign) return (
+                whitespace:set-additional-whitespace($node)
+            )
+
+            case element(p) return (
+                whitespace:set-additional-whitespace($node)
+            )
+
+            case element(choice) return (
+                whitespace:set-additional-whitespace($node)
+            )
+
+            default return (
                 pre:default-element( $node, pre:preprocessing($node/node()) )
             )
 };