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%% Cell type:markdown id:4c77ab592c98dfd tags:
# Conversion to TEI (`<bibl>`)
# Convert AnyStyle GS to TEI (`<bibl>`/`<biblStruct>`) GS
References:
- https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/CO.html#COBI (Overview)
- https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/CO.html#COBIOT (Mapping to other bibliographic formats)
- https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/ref-bibl.html (`<bibl>`)
- https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/ref-biblStruct.html (`biblStruct`)
- https://epidoc.stoa.org/gl/latest/supp-bibliography.html (Examples)
- https://grobid.readthedocs.io/en/latest/training/Bibliographical-references/ (Grobid examples using `<bibl>`)
- http://www.jsonml.org/ (a JSON schema for lossless conversion from/to xml)
We use `<bibl>` here instead of `<biblStruct>` because it is more loosely-structured and allows for a more flat datastructure.
Todo:
- BiblStruct mit der übergeordneten <listBibl n="fußnote" src="Input">
## Collect metadata on TEI `<bibl>` tags
%% Cell type:markdown id:c4ebd32b98166eb tags:
Cache XML schema for offline use
%% Cell type:code id:ff140f40df428a8f tags:
``` python
import xmlschema
import os
if not os.path.isdir("schema/tei"):
schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema("https://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/xsd/tei_all.xsd")
schema.export(target='schema/tei', save_remote=True)
```
%% Cell type:markdown id:3019ff70c4b769cd tags:
This generates JSON data with information on the tags used, extracting from the schema and from the documentation pages
%% Cell type:code id:572f566fc9784238 tags:
``` python
import os
import xmlschema
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import pandas as pd
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm
# written by GPT-4
def extract_headings_and_links(tag, doc_heading, doc_base_url):
# Extract heading numbers from the document
heading_numbers = re.findall(r'\d+(?:\.\d+)*', doc_heading)
# Download the HTML page
url = f"{doc_base_url}/ref-{tag}.html"
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
# Extract the links associated with each heading number
links = {}
for link in soup.find_all('a', class_='link_ptr'):
heading_value = link.find('span', class_='headingNumber').text.strip()
link_url = link.get('href')
links[heading_value] = f"{doc_base_url}/{link_url}"
return {heading: link_url for heading, link_url in zip(heading_numbers, links.values()) if
heading in heading_numbers}
def generate_tag_docs(xsd_path):
namespaces = {'xs': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'}
doc_base_url = "https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html"
tree = ET.parse('schema/tei/tei_all.xsd')
root = tree.getroot()
schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema(xsd_path)
bibl_schema = schema.find("tei:bibl")
data_list = []
#names = [child_element.local_name for child_element in bibl_schema.iterchildren()]
names = ['author', 'biblScope', 'citedRange', 'date', 'edition', 'editor', 'idno', 'issue', 'location', 'note', 'orgName', 'ptr', 'pubPlace', 'publisher', 'ref', 'seg', 'series', 'title', 'volume', 'xr']
for name in tqdm(names, desc="Processing TEI tags"):
doc_node = root.find(f".//xs:element[@name='{name}']/xs:annotation/xs:documentation", namespaces=namespaces)
if doc_node is not None:
matches = re.search(r'^(.*)\[(.*)]$', doc_node.text)
if matches is None: continue
description = matches.group(1)
doc_heading = matches.group(2)
doc_urls = extract_headings_and_links(name, doc_heading, doc_base_url)
data_list.append({'name': name, 'description': description, 'documentation': doc_heading, 'urls': doc_urls})
return pd.DataFrame(data_list)
cache_file = "schema/tei/tei-tags-documentation.json"
if not os.path.isfile(cache_file):
df = generate_tag_docs("schema/tei/tei_all.xsd")
json_str = df.to_json(index=False, orient='records', indent=4).replace(r"\/", "/")
with open(cache_file, "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(json_str)
else:
df = pd.read_json(cache_file)
df
```
%% Output
name description \
0 author (author) in a bibliographic reference, contain...
1 biblScope (scope of bibliographic reference) defines the...
2 citedRange (cited range) defines the range of cited conte...
3 date (date) contains a date in any format.
4 edition (edition) describes the particularities of one...
5 editor contains a secondary statement of responsibili...
6 idno (identifier) supplies any form of identifier u...
7 location (location) defines the location of a place as ...
8 note (note) contains a note or annotation.
9 orgName (organization name) contains an organizational...
10 publisher (publisher) provides the name of the organizat...
11 pubPlace (publication place) contains the name of the p...
12 ptr (pointer) defines a pointer to another location.
13 seg (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentatio...
14 series (series information) contains information abou...
15 title (title) contains a title for any kind of work.
documentation \
0 3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. ...
1 3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic C...
2 3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic C...
3 3.6.4. Dates and Times 2.2.4. Publication, Dis...
4 2.2.2. The Edition Statement
5 3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors
6 14.3.1. Basic Principles 2.2.4. Publication, D...
7 14.3.4. Places
8 3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation 2.2.6. The ...
9 14.2.2. Organizational Names
10 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Rep...
11 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Rep...
12 3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References 17.1. L...
13 17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors 6.2. Compo...
14 3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Le...
15 3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. ...
urls
0 {'3.12.2.2': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/do...
1 {'3.12.2.5': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/do...
2 {'3.12.2.5': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/do...
3 {'3.6.4': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/t...
4 {'2.2.2': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/t...
5 {'3.12.2.2': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/do...
6 {'14.3.1': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/...
7 {'14.3.4': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/...
8 {'3.9.1': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/t...
9 {'14.2.2': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/...
10 {'3.12.2.4': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/do...
11 {'3.12.2.4': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/do...
12 {'3.7': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei...
13 {'17.3': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/te...
14 {'3.12.2.1': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/do...
15 {'3.12.2.2': 'https://www.tei-c.org/release/do...
%% Cell type:markdown id:aaf43ee43bb6d4d tags:
## Convert AnyStyle Gold Standard to TEI
This converts the AnyStyle XML data to TEI, translating from the flat schema to the nested TEI `<bibl>` structure.
%% Cell type:code id:b3ee84984b88f24a tags:
``` python
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import regex as re
import glob
import os
import xml.dom.minidom
import json
import xmlschema
from nameparser import HumanName
def even_num_brackets(string: str):
"""
Simple heuristic to determine if string contains an even number of round and square brackets,
so that if not, trailing or leading brackets will be removed.
"""
return ((string.endswith(")") and string.count(")") == string.count("("))
or (string.endswith("]") and string.count("]") == string.count("[")))
def remove_punctuation(text, keep_trailing_chars="?!"):
"""This removes leading and trailing punctuation using very simple rules for German and English"""
start, end = 0, len(text)
while start < len(text) and re.match("\p{P}", text[start]) and text[end - 1]:
start += 1
while end > start and re.match("\p{P}", text[end - 1]) and not even_num_brackets(text[start:end]) and text[end - 1] not in keep_trailing_chars:
end -= 1
return text[start:end].strip()
def remove_punctuation2(text):
"""same as remove_punctuation, but keep trailing periods."""
return remove_punctuation(text, "?!.")
def clean_editor(text):
text = re.sub(r'^in(:| )', '', remove_punctuation(text), flags=re.IGNORECASE)
text = re.sub(r'\(?(hrsg\. v\.|hg\. v|hrsg\.|ed\.|eds\.)\)?', '', text, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
return text.strip()
def clean_container(text):
return remove_punctuation(re.sub(r'^(in|aus|from)(:| )', '', text.strip(), flags=re.IGNORECASE))
def extract_page_range(text):
match = re.match(r'(\p{Alnum}+)(?: *\p{Pd} *(\p{Alnum}+))?', text)
attributes = {"unit": "page"}
if match:
from_page = match.group(1)
to_page = match.group(2)
attributes.update({"from": from_page})
if to_page is not None:
attributes.update({"to": to_page})
return attributes
def process_range(text):
text = re.sub(r'^(S\.|p\.|pp\.)', '', text.strip(), flags=re.IGNORECASE)
text = re.sub(r'(ff?\.|seqq?\.)$', '', text.strip(), flags=re.IGNORECASE)
text = remove_punctuation(text)
attributes = extract_page_range(text)
return (text, attributes)
def handle_pages(text, bibl, tag, preserve):
if text == "": return
# split by comma or semicolon along with any trailing spaces
ranges = re.split(r'([,;] *)', text)
# initialize an empty list to store results
page_locators = []
# loop through indices with a step of 2
for i in range(0, len(ranges) - 1, 2):
# combine current element with the next one (which is a separator), and append to the list
page_locators.append(ranges[i] + ranges[i+1])
# if the input text doesn't end with a separator, add the last element
if text[-1] not in [',', ';']:
page_locators.append(ranges[-1])
for page_locator in page_locators:
add_node(bibl, tag, page_locator, clean_func=process_range, preserve=preserve)
def clean_volume(text):
text = re.sub(r'(vol\.|bd\.)', '', text.strip(), flags=re.IGNORECASE)
text = re.sub(r'(issue\.|heft\.)$', '', text.strip(), flags=re.IGNORECASE)
text = remove_punctuation(text)
return text, {"from": text, "to": text}
def extract_text_in_parentheses(text):
match = re.search(r'(.*?)\s*(\(.*?\))', text)
if match:
return match.group(1), match.group(2)
else:
return text, None
def extract_year(text):
m = re.search( r'[12][0-9]{3}', text)
return m.group(0) if m else None
def find_string(string, container):
start = container.find(string)
if start > -1:
end = start + len(string)
return start, end
raise ValueError(f"Could not find '{string}' in '{container}'")
def add_node(parent, tag, text="", attributes=None, clean_func=None, preserve=False):
"""
Adds a child node to the parent, optionally adding text and attributes.
If a clean_func is passed, the text is set after applying the function to it.
If the `preserve` flag is True, the removed preceding or trailing text is preserved in the xml, outside of the node content
"""
node = ET.SubElement(parent, tag, (attributes or {}))
if clean_func:
cleaned_text = clean_func(text)
if type(cleaned_text) is tuple:
# in a tuple result, the first element is the text and the second node attributes
for key,value in cleaned_text[1].items():
node.set(key, value)
cleaned_text = cleaned_text[0]
if preserve:
start, end = find_string(cleaned_text, text)
prefix, suffix = text[:start], text[end:]
if prefix !="" and len(parent) > 1:
prev_sibling = parent[-2]
prev_tail = (prev_sibling.tail or '')
new_prev_tail = f'{prev_tail} {prefix}'.strip()
prev_sibling.tail = new_prev_tail
node.text = cleaned_text
if suffix != "":
node.tail = suffix
else:
node.text = text
return node
def create_tei_root():
return ET.Element('TEI', {
'xmlns': "http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"
})
def create_tei_header(tei_root, title):
tei_header = add_node(tei_root, 'teiHeader')
file_desc = add_node(tei_header, 'fileDesc')
title_stmt = add_node(file_desc, 'titleStmt')
add_node(title_stmt, 'title', title)
publication_stmt = add_node(file_desc, 'publicationStmt')
add_node(publication_stmt, 'publisher', 'mpilhlt')
source_desc = add_node(file_desc, 'sourceDesc')
add_node(source_desc, 'p', title)
return tei_header
def create_body(text_root):
body = ET.SubElement(text_root, 'body')
add_node(body, 'p', 'The article text is not part of this document')
return body
def prettify(xml_string, indentation=" "):
"""Return a pretty-printed XML string"""
return xml.dom.minidom.parseString(xml_string).toprettyxml(indent=indentation)
def split_creators(text:str, bibl, tag, clean_func, preserve):
sep_regex = r'[;&/]| and | und '
creators = re.split(sep_regex, text)
seperators = re.findall(sep_regex, text)
for creator in creators:
# <author>/<editor>
creator_node = add_node(bibl, tag, creator, clean_func=clean_func, preserve=preserve)
# <persName>
name = HumanName(creator_node.text)
creator_node.text = ''
pers_name = add_node(creator_node, 'persName')
inv_map = {v: k for k, v in name.as_dict(False).items()}
if len(name) == 1:
add_node(pers_name, 'surname', list(name)[0])
else:
for elem in list(name):
match inv_map[elem]:
case 'last':
# <surname>
add_node(pers_name, 'surname', elem)
case 'first' | 'middle':
# <forename>
add_node(pers_name, 'forename', elem)
if len(seperators):
creator_node.tail = seperators.pop(0).strip()
def anystyle_to_tei(input_xml_path, id, preserve=False):
anystyle_root = ET.parse(input_xml_path).getroot()
tei_root = create_tei_root()
create_tei_header(tei_root, title=id)
text_root = add_node(tei_root, 'text')
body = create_body(text_root)
# <listBibl> element for <bibl> elements that are not in footnotes, such as a bibliography
listBibl = add_node(body, 'listBibl')
# iterate over all sequences (=footnotes) and translate into TEI equivalents
for sequence in anystyle_root.findall('sequence'):
# if the sequence contains a citation-number, create a new <note> to add <bibl> elements to
if (cn:= sequence.findall('citation-number')):
footnote_number = cn[0].text
attributes = {
'n': footnote_number,
'type': 'footnote',
'place': 'bottom'
}
node = add_node(body, 'note', attributes=attributes, clean_func=remove_punctuation, preserve=preserve)
else:
# otherwise add to <listBibl> element
node = listBibl
bibl = None
for child in sequence:
tag = child.tag
text = child.text
if tag == "citation-number": continue # this has already been taken care of
if (bibl is None # if we do not have a bibl element yet
or (bibl.find(tag) and tag != "note") # or tag already exists in the current element
or tag in ['signal', 'legal-ref'] # or tag belongs to a specific groups that signal a separate reference
or (tag in ["author", "editor", "authority"] and bibl.find('date'))): # or specific tags follow a date field
# then create a new bibl element
bibl = ET.SubElement(node, 'bibl')
match tag.lower():
case 'author':
split_creators(text, bibl, 'author', clean_func=remove_punctuation, preserve=preserve)
case 'authority':
split_creators(text, bibl, 'publisher', clean_func=remove_punctuation, preserve=preserve)
case 'backref':
add_node(bibl, 'ref', text, clean_func=remove_punctuation2, preserve=preserve)
case 'container-title':
add_node(bibl, 'title', text, {'level': 'm'}, clean_func= clean_container, preserve=preserve)
case 'collection-title':
add_node(bibl, 'title', text, {'level': 's'}, clean_func= clean_container, preserve=preserve)
case 'date':
add_node(bibl, 'date', text, clean_func= extract_year, preserve=preserve)
case 'doi':
add_node(bibl, 'idno', text, {'type':'DOI'})
case 'edition':
add_node(bibl, 'edition', text, clean_func=remove_punctuation2, preserve=preserve)
case 'editor':
split_creators(text, bibl, 'editor', clean_func=clean_editor, preserve=preserve)
case 'location':
add_node(bibl, 'pubPlace', text, clean_func=remove_punctuation, preserve=preserve)
case 'note':
add_node(bibl, 'seg', text, {'type': 'comment'}, clean_func=remove_punctuation, preserve=preserve)
case 'journal':
add_node(bibl, 'title', text, {'level': 'j'}, clean_func= clean_container, preserve=preserve)
case 'legal-ref':
add_node(bibl, 'idno', text, {'type': 'caseNumber'}, clean_func = remove_punctuation, preserve=preserve)
case 'pages':
if bibl[-1].tag == "xr":
handle_pages(text, bibl, 'citedRange', preserve=preserve)
else:
pages, cited_range = extract_text_in_parentheses(text)
handle_pages(pages, bibl, 'biblScope', preserve=preserve)
if cited_range:
handle_pages(cited_range, bibl, 'citedRange', preserve=preserve)
case 'signal':
add_node(bibl, 'seg', text, {'type': 'signal'})
case 'title':
add_node(bibl, 'title', text, {'level': 'a'}, clean_func=remove_punctuation2, preserve=preserve)
case 'url':
add_node(bibl, 'ptr', text, {'type':'web'}, clean_func=remove_punctuation, preserve=preserve)
case 'volume':
volume, issue = extract_text_in_parentheses(text)
add_node(bibl, 'biblScope', volume, {'unit': 'volume'}, clean_func = clean_volume, preserve=preserve)
if issue:
add_node(bibl, 'biblScope', issue, {'unit': 'issue'}, clean_func = clean_volume, preserve=preserve)
if len(bibl) == 0:
node.remove(bibl)
if len(listBibl) == 0:
body.remove(listBibl)
return ET.tostring(tei_root, 'unicode')
def tei_to_json(tei_xml, schema):
dict_obj = xmlschema.to_dict(tei_xml, schema=schema, converter=xmlschema.JsonMLConverter)
return json.dumps(dict_obj, default=str)
# main
print("Converting AnyStyle XML into TEI/bibl elements")
for input_path in glob.glob('anystyle/*.xml'):
base_name = os.path.basename(input_path)
id = os.path.splitext(base_name)[0]
print(f' - {base_name}')
output_xml = anystyle_to_tei(input_path, id, preserve=True)
# output_json = tei_to_json(output_xml, schema)
with open(f'tei-bibl/{id}.xml', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(prettify(output_xml))
```
%% Output
Converting AnyStyle XML into TEI/bibl elements
- 10.1111_1467-6478.00057.xml
- 10.1111_1467-6478.00080.xml
- 10.1515_zfrs-1980-0103.xml
- 10.1515_zfrs-1980-0104.xml
%% Cell type:markdown id:8c8b2d820086d461 tags:
%% Cell type:markdown id:bb9da323c357ca4c tags:
## Recreate input data from TEI/bibl and compare with AnyStyle input data
To see how much information is lost or which errors are introduced in the translation of Anystyle to TEI, we compare the input data generated from the (lossless) anystyle markup with that "reverse-engineered" from the TEI and save a character-level diff in the `html` directory.
The comparison is done with a copy of the files stored in `./tei-bibl-corrected` so that they are not overwritten when running the previous cell, and so that they can be manually corrected to fit the original data.
For better viewing, the result is published on gitlab pages (see links in the output).
%% Cell type:code id:4c19609699dc79c tags:
``` python
from lxml import etree
import glob
import os
import json
import regex as re
from lib.string import remove_whitespace
from difflib import HtmlDiff
from IPython.display import display, HTML,Markdown
def tei_to_ground_truth_input(tei_xml_doc):
"""
Extract the original footnote strings from the <note> elements in a given TEI document and return a list of strings
"""
root = etree.fromstring(tei_xml_doc)
ground_truth_list = []
ns = {"tei": "http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"}
# iterate over the <note type="footnote"> elements
for note in root.findall('.//tei:note[@type="footnote"]', ns):
footnote_elements = [note.attrib['n']]
# iterate over the <bibl> elements
for bibl in note.findall('tei:bibl', ns):
# extract the text without xml tags, still contains all (collapsed) whitespace
text = etree.tostring(bibl, method="text", encoding='utf-8').decode()
text = remove_whitespace(text)
footnote_elements.append(text)
ground_truth_list.append(" ".join(footnote_elements))
return ground_truth_list
for input_path in glob.glob('tei-bibl-corrected/*.xml'):
base_name = os.path.basename(input_path)
id = os.path.splitext(base_name)[0]
with open(input_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
tei_input_data = tei_to_ground_truth_input(f.read())
anystyle_input_path = f'refs/{id}.txt'
with open(anystyle_input_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
anystyle_input_data = f.read().splitlines()
# create files showing the diff between the reverse engineering of the input data from the TEI and the original raw strings
html_diff = HtmlDiff().make_file(anystyle_input_data, tei_input_data)
with open(f"../public/convert-anystyle-data/diffs/{id}.diff.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(html_diff)
display(Markdown(f'Extracted and compared input data for {id} ([See diff](https://experiments-boulanger-27b5c1c5c975b0350675064f0f85580e618945eef.pages.gwdg.de/convert-anystyle-data/diffs/{id}.diff.html))'))
```
%% Output
Extracted and compared input data for 10.1111_1467-6478.00057 ([See diff](https://experiments-boulanger-27b5c1c5c975b0350675064f0f85580e618945eef.pages.gwdg.de/convert-anystyle-data/diffs/10.1111_1467-6478.00057.diff.html))
Extracted and compared input data for 10.1111_1467-6478.00080 ([See diff](https://experiments-boulanger-27b5c1c5c975b0350675064f0f85580e618945eef.pages.gwdg.de/convert-anystyle-data/diffs/10.1111_1467-6478.00080.diff.html))
Extracted and compared input data for 10.1515_zfrs-1980-0103 ([See diff](https://experiments-boulanger-27b5c1c5c975b0350675064f0f85580e618945eef.pages.gwdg.de/convert-anystyle-data/diffs/10.1515_zfrs-1980-0103.diff.html))
Extracted and compared input data for 10.1515_zfrs-1980-0104 ([See diff](https://experiments-boulanger-27b5c1c5c975b0350675064f0f85580e618945eef.pages.gwdg.de/convert-anystyle-data/diffs/10.1515_zfrs-1980-0104.diff.html))
%% Cell type:markdown id:3b4192e5e772efda tags:
## Create `biblStruct` that works as a Gold Standard
We need gold standard data which has a reliable way of being able, given a specific input data, to compare the output data of different processors against this gold standard.
The issue here is that we need to deal with individual footnotes and the multiple references that they contain, as well as bibliographies at the end of articles. More specifically, the annotated TEI source contains both `<note>` elements for the footnotes and/or `<listBibl>` elements for bibliographies. The XSLT-based `bibl` to `biblStruct` contains only `biblStruct` elements with no information about their origin.
We therefore need an output with the following TEI schema:
```xml
<TEI>
<teiHeader />
<standOff>
<!-- each contained footnote as listBibl -->
<listBibl n="footnote number">
<desc>raw footnote string, containing one or more references and other commentary</desc>
<!-- each contained reference as biblStruct, including empty ones, e.g. when there is simply internal references such as "Op. cit, p. 23" or "see Doe (n.5), p. 2" -->
<biblStruct />
<biblStruct />
</listBibl>
<!-- in addition to footnotes containing refs, there might be a full bibliography or out-of-band reference-->
<!-- in this case, each reference string is contained in a single <listBibl><biblStruct/></listBibl> -->
<listBibl>
<desc>full raw reference string of bibliography entry or out-of-band reference in the text</desc>
<biblStruct />
</listBibl>
</standOff>
</TEI>
```
The full input string is enclosed in a `<desc>` node as the first child of `<listBibl>`.
%% Cell type:markdown id:313079cbe2efa93a tags:
We first need to create `biblStruct` from the corrected `bibl` annoations:
%% Cell type:code id:cb8e34536ae13125 tags:
``` python
from lib.xslt import transform
transform(xslt_path='lib/xslt/convert_tei-to-biblstruct_bibl.xsl',
input_path='tei-bibl-corrected',
output_path='tei-biblStruct',
rename_extension=('-bibl_biblStruct.TEIP5.xml','.biblStruct.xml')).stderr
```
%% Output
Applied lib\xslt\convert_tei-to-biblstruct_bibl.xsl to files in tei-bibl-corrected and saved result in tei-biblStruct.
''
%% Cell type:markdown id:a1fccc88ce0793af tags:
Now combine the `bibl` and `biblStruct` to create the gold standard `biblStruct`.
%% Cell type:code id:ec1ac88441d6b9e5 tags:
``` python
from lxml import etree
import os
from glob import glob
from copy import deepcopy
from lib.string import remove_whitespace
def remove_encoding_declaration(xml_string):
return xml_string.replace('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>', '')
def create_gold_standard(bibl_content, biblstruct_content):
# TEI namespace
tei_namespace = "http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"
ns = {"tei": tei_namespace }
# get source trees and elements
bibl_tree = etree.fromstring(remove_encoding_declaration(bibl_content))
bibl_struct_tree = etree.fromstring(remove_encoding_declaration(biblstruct_content))
# create output document
output_tree = etree.Element("TEI", {'xmlns':tei_namespace})
tei_header = bibl_struct_tree.xpath('./tei:teiHeader', namespaces=ns)[0]
output_tree.append(deepcopy(tei_header))
standoff = etree.SubElement(output_tree, "standOff")
# keep track of parent, which can be "note" or "listBibl"
current_source_parent = None
# keep track of target listBibl node
current_target_parent = None
# iterate over bibl elements
for bibl_element in bibl_tree.xpath('//tei:bibl', namespaces=ns):
# node parent
source_parent = bibl_element.getparent()
# if the parent changes, create a new target parent
if source_parent != current_source_parent:
current_source_parent = source_parent
parent_tag = etree.QName(current_source_parent).localname
if parent_tag == "note":
source_node = source_parent
elif parent_tag == "listBibl":
source_node = bibl_element
# invalidate the pointer to the current source parent to create a new listBibl the next time
current_source_parent = None
else:
raise RuntimeError("Invalid parent node:" + parent_tag)
# reconstruct the unparsed input text for the
gs_input = remove_whitespace(etree.tostring(source_node, method="text", encoding='utf-8').decode())
print (f' - Analyzing "{gs_input[:200]}..."')
attrs = {}
if parent_tag == "note":
footnote_number = attrs['n'] = source_node.attrib['n']
gs_input = f'{footnote_number} {gs_input}'
# create mew listBibl element for output element
current_target_parent = etree.SubElement(standoff, "listBibl", attrs)
# add raw reference string as <desc>
etree.SubElement(current_target_parent, "desc").text = gs_input
# find correspondent biblStruct data by matching the title
# todo: there could be edge cases where a title is not unique!
title = bibl_element.xpath('.//tei:title/text()', namespaces=ns)
if len(title) > 0:
title = title[0]
print(f' - Reference: {title}...')
bibl_struct_matches = bibl_struct_tree.xpath(f"//tei:biblStruct[descendant::tei:title[text()='{title}']]", namespaces=ns)
if len(bibl_struct_matches) > 0:
# found it - make a copy and remove unneeded attributes
bibl_struct_copy = deepcopy(bibl_struct_matches[0])
if bibl_struct_copy.attrib['source']:
del bibl_struct_copy.attrib['source']
# add it to target listBibl
current_target_parent.append(bibl_struct_copy)
else:
raise RuntimeError("Could not find matching biblStruct element.")
else:
print(f' - Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct')
etree.SubElement(current_target_parent, "biblStruct")
return etree.tostring(output_tree, pretty_print=True)
def create_all_gold_standards(bibl_dir, biblstruct_dir, biblstruct_gold_dir):
for file_path in glob(f'{bibl_dir}/*.xml'):
file_id = os.path.basename(file_path).replace(".xml", "")
print(f'Processing {file_id}')
bibl_path = file_path
biblstruct_path = f'{biblstruct_dir}/{file_id}.biblstruct.xml'
with (open(bibl_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as bibl_file,
open(biblstruct_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as biblStruct_file):
bibl_content = bibl_file.read()
biblStruct_content = biblStruct_file.read()
output_data = create_gold_standard(bibl_content, biblStruct_content)
with open(f'{biblstruct_gold_dir}/{file_id}.xml', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as output_file:
output_file.write(output_data.decode())
create_all_gold_standards('tei-bibl-corrected', 'tei-biblStruct', 'tei-biblStruct-gold')
```
%% Output
Processing 10.1111_1467-6478.00057
- Analyzing "A. Phillips, ‘Citizenship and Feminist Politics’ in Citizenship, ed. G. Andrews (1991) 77...."
- Reference: Citizenship and Feminist Politics...
- Analyzing "T. Brennan and C. Pateman, ‘“Mere Auxiliaries to the Commonwealth”: Women and the Origins of Liberalism’ (1979) 27 Political Studies 183...."
- Reference: Mere Auxiliaries to the Commonwealth”: Women and the Origins of Liberalism...
- Analyzing "M. Sawer and M. Simms, A Woman’s Place: Women and Politics in Australia (2nd ed., 1993)...."
- Reference: A Woman’s Place: Women and Politics in Australia...
- Analyzing "I have explored the gendered nature of citizenship at greater length in two complementary papers : ‘Embodying the Citizen’ in Public and Private: Feminist Legal Debates, ed. M. Thornton (1995) and ‘Hi..."
- Reference: Embodying the Citizen...
- Reference: Historicising Citizenship: Remembering Broken Promises...
- Analyzing "S. Walby, ‘Is Citizenship Gendered?’ (1994) 28 Sociology 379..."
- Reference: Is Citizenship Gendered?...
- Analyzing "I. Kant, ‘Metaphysical First Principles of the Doctrine of Right’ in The Metaphysics of Morals (trans. M. Gregor, 1991) 125–6 s. 146...."
- Reference: Metaphysical First Principles of the Doctrine of Right...
- Analyzing "U. Vogel, ‘Marriage and the Boundaries of Citizenship’ in The Condition of Citizenship, ed. B. van Steenbergen (1994) 75...."
- Reference: Marriage and the Boundaries of Citizenship...
- Analyzing "N. Fraser and L. Gordon, ‘Civil Citizenship against Social Citizenship?’ in id., p. 97...."
- Reference: Civil Citizenship against Social Citizenship?...
- Analyzing "Vogel, id., p. 79. W. Blackstone, Commentaries (Facsimile of 1st. ed. of 1765–69, 1979) 442...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Commentaries...
- Analyzing "Vogel, op. cit., n. 7, pp. 80–1...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "F. Haug (ed.), Female Sexualization: A Collective Work of Memory (1987) 196...."
- Reference: Female Sexualization: A Collective Work of Memory...
- Analyzing "A. Bottomley, ‘Self and Subjectivities: Languages of Claim in Property Law’ (1993) 20 J. of Law and Society 56 61...."
- Reference: Self and Subjectivities: Languages of Claim in Property Law...
- Analyzing "D. West, ‘Power and Formation: New Foundations for a Radical Concept of Power’ (1987)..."
- Reference: Power and Formation: New Foundations for a Radical Concept of Power...
- Analyzing "Inquiry 137, 145. Compare M. Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977, ed. C. Gordon (1980) 98...."
- Reference: Inquiry 137...
- Reference: Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977...
- Analyzing "For a detailed analysis of legal method and the political role it plays, see M.J. Mossman, ‘Feminism, and Legal Method: The Difference it Makes’ (1986) 3 Aust. J. of Law and Society 30...."
- Reference: Feminism, and Legal Method: The Difference it Makes...
- Analyzing "H.S. Maine, Ancient Law: Its Connection with the Early History of Society and its Relation to Modern Ideas (10th ed., 1912) 174...."
- Reference: Ancient Law: Its Connection with the Early History of Society and its Relation to Modern Ideas...
- Analyzing "This was particularly the case in the United States of America. See M.J. Horwitz, The Transformation of American Law, 1780–1860 (1977) 160...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: The Transformation of American Law, 1780–1860...
- Analyzing "M. Grossberg, Governing the Hearth: Law and the Family in Nineteenth-Century America (1985) ix...."
- Reference: Governing the Hearth: Law and the Family in Nineteenth-Century America...
- Analyzing "Staves postulates that the position was somewhat more complicated in that marriage, as a status, crumbled in response to contract ideology in the seventeenth century but, by the end of the eighteenth ..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Married Women’s Separate Property in England, 1660–1833...
- Analyzing "Siegel presents a valuable study of the changing norms of marriage in the context of wife beating. See R.B. Siegel, ‘“The Rule of Love”: Wife Beating as Prerogative and Privacy’ (1996) 105 Yale Law J...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: The Rule of Love”: Wife Beating as Prerogative and Privacy...
- Analyzing "C. Pateman, The Sexual Contract (1988). For further analysis of the marriage contract, see K. O’Donovan, Family Matters (1993), especially 43–59...."
- Reference: The Sexual Contract...
- Reference: Family Matters...
- Analyzing "Crimes (Sexual Assault) Amendment Act 1981 (N.S.W .); Criminal Law Consolidation Act Amendment Act 1976 (S.A .); Criminal Code (Sexual Offences) Act 1987 (Tas .); Crimes (Sexual Offences) 1991 (Vic .)..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: All E.R...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "M. Freeman, ‘Contracting in the Haven: Balfour v. Balfour Revisited’ in Exploring the Boundaries of Contract, ed. R. Halson (1996) 74 R. Collier, Masculinity, Law and the Family (1995) 127 and through..."
- Reference: Contracting in the Haven: Balfour v. Balfour Revisited...
- Reference: Masculinity, Law and the Family...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "P.S. Atiyah, An Introduction to the Law of Contract (5th ed., 1995) 3...."
- Reference: An Introduction to the Law of Contract...
- Analyzing "The Australian Law Reform Commission has addressed the issue and recommended recognition of prenuptial agreements. See A.L.R.C., Matrimonial Property, report no. 37 (1987); A.L.R.C. ., Report of the J..."
- Reference: Matrimonial Property...
- Reference: Private Ordering in Family Law – Will Women Benefit?...
- Reference: An Essay in the Deconstruction of Contract Doctrine...
- Analyzing "L. J. Weitzman, The Marriage Contract: Spouses, Lovers, and the Law (1981) 347 ff...."
- Reference: The Marriage Contract: Spouses, Lovers, and the Law...
- Analyzing "Grossberg, op. cit., n. 18, p. 52...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Balfour v. Balfour [1919] 2 K.B. 571...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Freeman, op. cit., n. 24. While acknowledging the trends towards contractualism and private ordering, Regan cautions against it, noting that greater freedom to contract invites greater scrutiny by the..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Family Law and the Pursuit of Intimacy...
- Analyzing "For example, Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1970 (U.K .); Domestic Relations Act 1975 (N.Z .); Marriage Act Amendment Act 1976 (Cwth .)..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "G.S. Frost, Promises Broken: Courtship, Class, and Gender in Victorian England (1995); Thornton, op. cit. (1996), n. 4...."
- Reference: Promises Broken: Courtship, Class, and Gender in Victorian England (1995)...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Grossberg, op. cit., n. 18, p. 38...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Compare U. Vogel, ‘Is Citizenship Gender-Specific?’ in The Frontiers of Citizenship, eds. U. Vogel and M. Moran (1991) 59...."
- Reference: Is Citizenship Gender-Specific?...
- Analyzing "See, for example, Bradwell v. Illinois 83 U.S. (16 Wall) 130 (1873)...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Compare J. Pahl, Money and Marriage (1989) 5...."
- Reference: Money and Marriage...
- Analyzing "Although Australia, like the United Kingdom, has a separate property regime, the courts are endowed with broad powers under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cwth.) to distribute property equitably. For detail..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Australian Family Law in Context: Commentary and Materials...
- Reference: Management of the Community Estate during an Intact Marriage...
- Reference: What Causes Fundamental Legal Ideas? Marital Property in England and France in the Thirteenth Century’...
- Analyzing "The legal construction of masculinity and femininity in family law has been the subject of recent scholarly interest. Notable examples are O’Donovan, op. cit., n. 21 and Collier, op. cit., n. 24...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "For discussion of sex and legal subjecthood, see N. Naffine ‘Sexing the Subject (of Law)’ in Thornton, op. cit. (1995), n. 4...."
- Reference: Sexing the Subject (of Law)...
- Analyzing "Contracts Review Act 1980 (N.S.W .)...."
- Reference: Contracts Review Act...
- Analyzing "J. Nedelsky, Private Property and the Limits of American Constitutionalism: The Madisonian Framework and its Legacy (1990), especially 223 ff...."
- Reference: Private Property and the Limits of American Constitutionalism: The Madisonian Framework and its Legacy...
- Analyzing "C.B. Macpherson, Democratic Theory: Essays in Retrieval (1973) 120...."
- Reference: Democratic Theory: Essays in Retrieval...
- Analyzing "For example, N. Howell, ‘“Sexually Transmitted Debt”: A Feminist Analysis of Laws Regulating Guarantors and Co-Borrowers’ (1995) 4 Aust. Feminist Law J. 93...."
- Reference: Sexually Transmitted Debt”: A Feminist Analysis of Laws Regulating Guarantors and Co-Borrowers...
- Analyzing "P. Baron, ‘The Free Exercise of Her Will: Women and Emotionally Transmitted Debt’ (1995) 13 Law in Context 23...."
- Reference: The Free Exercise of Her Will: Women and Emotionally Transmitted Debt...
- Analyzing "id., p. 24 B. Fehlberg, ‘The Husband, the Bank, the Wife and Her Signature’ (1994) 57 Modern Law Rev. 467 468. See, also, Barclays Bank v. O’Brien [1994] 1 A.C. 180, at 185 per Brown-Wilkinson L..."
- Reference: The Husband, the Bank, the Wife and Her Signature...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Baron, op. cit., n. 44, p. 34 M. Richardson, ‘Protecting Women who provide Security for a Husband’s, Partner’s or Child’s Debts. The Value and Limits of an Economic Perspective’ (1996) 16 Legal Studie..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Protecting Women who provide Security for a Husband’s, Partner’s or Child’s Debts. The Value and Limits
of an Economic Perspective’...
- Analyzing "Examples are legion, and by no means confined to the more sensational criminal law cases picked up by the media, such as R. v. Johns, Supreme Court of South Australia, 26 August 1992 (unreported) in w..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "B. Fehlberg, ‘The Husband, the Bank, the Wife and Her Signature – the Sequel’ (1996) 59 Modern Law Rev. 675...."
- Reference: The Husband, the Bank, the Wife and Her Signature – the Sequel...
- Analyzing "National Australia Bank Ltd v. Garcia (1996) 39 N.S.W.L.R. 577 (N.S.W.C.A.). 50 (1991) 25 N.S.W.L.R. 32 (C.A.)...."
- Reference: N.S.W.L.R...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "1994) A.S.C. 56–268 (N.S.W.C.A.)...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Based on the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cwth.), s. 52 and the Contracts Review Act 1980 (N.S.W .). 54 (1994) A.S.C. 56–270 (N.S.W.C.A .)..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "A number of recent English cases have also turned on the question of whether the wife received independent legal advice. The House of Lords considered the issue in Barclays Bank v. O’Brien [1994] 1 A...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "See I.J. Hardingham and M.A. Neave, Australian Family Property Law (1984) 94...."
- Reference: Australian Family Property Law...
- Analyzing "Compare K. O’Donovan, Sexual Divisions in Law (1985), especially 112–18...."
- Reference: Sexual Divisions in Law...
- Analyzing "Although Reich’s work on the conceptualization of non-traditional sources of wealth, such as employment and professional qualifications, as forms of ‘new property’ has been influential, he did not bro..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: The New Property...
- Reference: The New Family and the New Property...
- Analyzing "1992) 29 N.S.W.L.R. 188 (C.A .)..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Trusts of this kind have been judicially created in order to obviate injustice. Ironically, such devices have been commonly utilized over the last twenty years or so in property disputes arising out o..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Property Rights and Third Party Creditors – the Scope and Limitations of Equitable Doctrines...
- Analyzing "For discussion, see J. Riley, ‘The Property Rights of Home-Makers under General Law: Bryson v. Bryant’ (1994) 16 Sydney Law Rev. 412...."
- Reference: The Property Rights of Home-Makers under General Law: Bryson v. Bryant...
- Analyzing "The Justice T. E. Lindenmayer and P.A. Doolan, ‘When Bankruptcy and Family Law Collide’ (1994) 8 Aust. J. Family Law 111 133...."
- Reference: When Bankruptcy and Family Law Collide...
- Analyzing "B. Bennett, ‘The Economics of Wifing Services: Law and Economics on the Family’ (1991) 18 J. of Law and Society 206...."
- Reference: The Economics of Wifing Services: Law and Economics on the Family...
- Analyzing "O’Donovan, op. cit., n. 57; Thornton, op. cit. (1995), n. 4...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "N.S.W.C.A., unreported, 23 May 1994...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "For detailed discussion of the ramifications, see L.J. Weitzman, The Divorce Revolution: The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children in America (1985)...."
- Reference: The Divorce Revolution: The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children in
America...
- Analyzing "M.L. Shanley, Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England, 1850–1895 (1989) 46...."
- Reference: Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England, 1850–1895...
- Analyzing "The move to contract as the governing principle of family law has been noted by commentators. See, for example, Freeman, op. cit., n. 24; Neave, op. cit., n. 26; Regan, op. cit., n. 30...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Bryson v. Bryant in respect of which, it might be noted, the High Court refused leave to appeal. Marcia Neave notes the ‘artificiality’ of the concept of intention in a discussion of the constructive ..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Three Approaches to Family Law Disputes – Intention/Belief, Unjust Enrichment and Unconscionability’...
- Analyzing "For an interesting case study of this phenomenon, see L. Sarmas, ‘Storytelling and the Law: A Case Study of Louth v. Diprose’ (1994) 19 Melbourne University Law Rev. 701...."
- Reference: Storytelling and the Law: A Case Study of Louth v. Diprose...
- Analyzing "C. Colebrook, ‘Feminist Ethics and Historicism’ (1996) 11 Aust. Feminist Studies 295 300...."
- Reference: Feminist Ethics and Historicism...
- Analyzing "M. Albertson Fineman, The Neutered Mother, the Sexual Family and Other Twentieth Century Tragedies (1995) 7...."
- Reference: The Neutered Mother, the Sexual Family and Other Twentieth Century Tragedies...
- Analyzing "Compare K. O’Donovan, ‘Should all Maintenance of Spouses be abolished?’ (1982) 45 Modern Law Rev. 424 431–3...."
- Reference: Should all Maintenance of Spouses be abolished?...
- Analyzing "For example, De Facto Relationships Act 1984 (N.S.W .). For detailed analysis of the policy considerations, see M.D.A. Freeman and C.M. Lyon, Cohabitation without Marriage: An Essay in Law and Social ..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Cohabitation without Marriage: An Essay in Law and Social Policy...
- Reference: De Facto Relationships: Issues Paper...
- Analyzing "Eds. of the Harvard Law Review, Sexual Orientation and the Law (1990); Dean v. District of Columbia 653 U.S. App. D.C 307 (1995); C. Overington, ‘Why can’t They Marry?’ The Age, 26 April 1997...."
- Reference: Sexual Orientation and the Law...
- Reference: Why can’t They Marry?...
- Analyzing "For example, Lesbian Gay Rights Service and The Bride Wore Pink; Legal Recognition of Our Relationships (1994)...."
- Reference: The Bride Wore Pink; Legal Recognition of Our Relationships...
- Analyzing "id., p. 3...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Above, n. 30...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
Processing 10.1111_1467-6478.00080
- Analyzing "For a contrary view, see G. Jones, ‘“Traditional” Legal Scholarship: a Personal View’ in What Are Law Schools For?, ed. P. Birks (1996) 14...."
- Reference: “Traditional” Legal Scholarship: a Personal View...
- Analyzing "R. Goff, ‘The Search for Principle’ (1983) Proceeedings of the British Academy 169, at 171. This is an amplification of Dicey’s remark that ‘[b]y adequate study and careful thought whole departments o..."
- Reference: The Search for Principle...
- Reference: Can English Law be taught at the Universities?...
- Analyzing "J. Smith, The Law of Contract (1989)..."
- Reference: The Law of Contract...
- Analyzing "See, for example, D. Kennedy, ‘Form and substance in Private Law Ajudication’ (1976) 89 Harvard Law Rev. 1685...."
- Reference: Form and substance in Private Law Ajudication...
- Analyzing "B. Hepple, ‘The Renewal of the Liberal Law Degree’ (1996) Cambridge Law J. 470 at 485 and 481...."
- Reference: The Renewal of the Liberal Law Degree...
- Analyzing "P.A. Thomas, ‘Introduction’ in Socio-Legal Studies, ed. P.A. Thomas (1997) 19...."
- Reference: Introduction...
- Analyzing "R. Cotterrell, Law’s Community (1995) 296...."
- Reference: Law’s Community...
- Analyzing "Socio-legal studies has been defined in many different ways. In this essay the term is taken to indicate the use of ideas ‘from other disciplines primarily but not exclusively from within the social s..."
- Reference: Company Law...
- Analyzing "Some fail wholly. It is difficult to see any effect on academic legal education that resulted from Marre’s report A Time for Change (1988). The Jarratt report on universities produced for the Committe..."
- Reference: report A Time for Change...
- Reference: The Robbins report on higher education, Higher Education...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education, Higher Education in the learning society (1997) (the Dearing report); ACLEC, First Report on Legal Education and Training (1996). The Government’s White Pap..."
- Reference: Higher Education in the learning society...
- Reference: First Report on Legal Education and Training...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "ACLEC’s proposal is part of an historical process which has gradually seen English university law schools distance themselves from the legal professions and the legal professions propose decreasing de..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Working on the Chain Gang?...
- Analyzing "M. Jeeves J. MacFarlane and A. Boon, ‘Education for Life or for Work?’ (1987) 137 New Law J. 835 at 836...."
- Reference: Education for Life or for Work?...
- Analyzing "T.H. Huxley, ‘Universities: Actual and Ideal’ in T.H. Huxley, Collected Essays : Volume III (1905) 215...."
- Reference: Universities: Actual and Ideal...
- Analyzing "J.S. Mill, ‘Inaugural address to the University of St Andrews’ in Collected Work of John Stuart Mill: Volume XXI, ed. J.M. Robson (1984) 218...."
- Reference: Inaugural address to the University of St Andrews...
- Analyzing "Dearing, op. cit., n. 12, para. 9.32...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "id., para. 5.11...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "F.R. Leavis, Education and the University (1948) 28. Leavis’s view was narrowly nationalistic. For ‘centre’ it would be better to substitute ‘centres’...."
- Reference: Education and the University...
- Analyzing "See, further, A. Bradney, ‘Liberalising Legal Education’ in The Law School: Global Issues, Local Questions, ed. F. Cownie (forthcoming)...."
- Reference: Liberalising Legal Education...
- Analyzing "P. Goodrich ‘Of Blackstone’s Tower: Metephors of Distance and Histories of the English Law School’ in Birks, op. cit., n. 1, p. 59. 23 S. Turow, One L (1977) 106...."
- Reference: Of Blackstone’s Tower: Metephors of Distance and Histories of the English Law School...
- Analyzing "O. Kahn-Freund, ‘Reflections on Legal Education’ (1966) 29 Modern Law Rev. 121 at 129...."
- Reference: Reflections on Legal Education...
- Analyzing "Kahn-Freund believed ... legal argument (Kahn-Freund, id.)...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Leavis, op. cit., n. 20, p. 120...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Leavis has, of course, been widely criticized for the cultural and gender assumptions that lie behind his selection of material to be studied. (See, for example, M. King, The New English Literatures (..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: The New English Literatures...
- Analyzing "Jurisprudence by Sir John Salmond, ed. G. Willliams (10th ., 1947) at 256 and 257...."
- Reference: Jurisprudence by Sir John Salmond...
- Analyzing "So much so that when other disciplines engage with law they must develop their own concepts to analyse law rather than rely on the concepts already developed in law. See, for example, E. Durkheim The ..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: The Division of Labour in Society...
- Analyzing "M. Le Brun and R. Johnstone, The Quiet Revolution: Improving Student Learning in Law (1994) 65. On the effect on women students, see ‘Define and Empower: Women Students Consider Feminist Learning’ (19..."
- Reference: The Quiet Revolution: Improving Student Learning in Law...
- Reference: Define and Empower: Women Students Consider Feminist Learning...
- Reference: The Invisible Author of Legal Authority...
- Analyzing "R. Collier, ‘Masculinism, Law and Law Teaching’ (1991) 19 International J. of the Sociology of Law 427 at 429...."
- Reference: Masculinism, Law and Law Teaching...
- Analyzing "P. McAuslan, ‘Administrative Law, Collective Consumption and Judicial Policy’ (1983) 46 Modern Law Rev. 1 at 8...."
- Reference: Administrative Law, Collective Consumption and Judicial Policy...
- Analyzing "Le Brun and Johnstone, op. cit, n. 32, pp. 71–5...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Goodrich, op. cit., n. 22...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "P. Samuelson, ‘The Convergence of the Law School and the University’ (1975) 44 The Am. Scholar 256 at 258...."
- Reference: The Convergence of the Law School and the University...
- Analyzing "P. Harris and M. Jones ‘A Survey of Law Schools in the United Kingdom, 1996’ (1997) 31 The Law Teacher 38 at 46...."
- Reference: A Survey of Law Schools in the United Kingdom, 1996...
- Analyzing "J. Wilson, ‘A third survey of university legal education’ (1993) 13 Legal Studies 143 at 152...."
- Reference: A third survey of university legal education...
- Analyzing "Thus, for example, Harris and Jones reported that 59.2 per cent of all particpating institutions offered foriegn language tuition as part of their standard LLB programme. (Harris and Jones, op. cit., ..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "T. Mortimer P. Leighton and N. Whatley, Law Teachers: Lawyers or Academics? (1995)..."
- Reference: Law Teachers: Lawyers or Academics?...
- Analyzing "This would include teaching both non-law degree students and sub-degree students. 44 id., p 35..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "L. Skwarok, ‘Business Law for Non-Lawyers: Setting the Stage for Teaching, Learning and Assessment at Hong Kong Polytechnic University’ (1995) 29 The Law Teacher 189 at 189...."
- Reference: Business Law for Non-Lawyers: Setting the Stage for Teaching, Learning and Assessment at Hong Kong Polytechnic University...
- Analyzing "N. Bastin, ‘Law, Law Staff and CNAA Business Studies Degree Courses’ (1985) 19 The Law Teacher 12 at 13...."
- Reference: Law, Law Staff and CNAA Business Studies Degree Courses...
- Analyzing "A. Ridley, ‘Legal Skills for Non-Law Students: Added Value or Irrelevant Diversion?’ (1994) 28 The Law Teacher 281 at 282...."
- Reference: Legal Skills for Non-Law Students: Added Value or Irrelevant Diversion?...
- Analyzing "G. Cartan and T. Vilkinas, ‘Legal Literacy for Managers: The Role of the Educator’ (1990) 24 The Law Teacher 246 at 248...."
- Reference: Legal Literacy for Managers: The Role of the Educator...
- Analyzing "Ridley, op. cit., n. 47, at p. 284...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "This, of course, is not always the case. For example, the BA Economics and Law degree at Leicester has a special course in each year given over to the consideration of the relationship between economi..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "P. Birks, ‘Short Cuts’ in Pressing Problems in the Law, ed. P. Birks (1994) 10–24...."
- Reference: Short Cuts...
- Analyzing "Ridley, op. cit., n. 47, p. 283...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Cartan Vilkinas, op. cit., n. 48, p. 248...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "P. Harris, ‘Curriculum Development in Legal Studies’ (1986) 20 The Law Teacher 110 at 112...."
- Reference: Curriculum Development in Legal Studies...
- Analyzing "Dearing, op. cit., n. 12, para 9.3...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "G. Steiner, Errata: An Examined Life (1997) 20...."
- Reference: Errata: An Examined Life...
Processing 10.1515_zfrs-1980-0103
- Analyzing "Gottfried Baumgärtei, 1976 : Gleicher Zugang zum Recht für alle. Köln...."
- Reference: Gleicher Zugang zum Recht für alle....
- Analyzing "Rolf Bender und Rolf Schumacher, 1980 : Erfolgsbarrieren vor Gericht. Tübingen...."
- Reference: Erfolgsbarrieren vor Gericht....
- Analyzing "Donald Black, 1973 : The Mobilization of Law, in: Journal of Legal Studies 2...."
- Reference: The Mobilization of Law...
- Analyzing "Erhard Blankenburg / Viola Blankenburg / Helmut Morasch, 1972 : Der lange Weg in die Berufung, in: Rolf Bender (Hrsg.): Tatsachenforschung in der Justiz. Tübingen...."
- Reference: Der lange Weg in die Berufung...
- Analyzing "Erhard Blankenburg, 1976 : Nichtkriminalisierung als Struktur und Routine, in: Göppinger, Hans und Günter Kaiser: Kriminologie und Strafverfahren. Stuttgart...."
- Reference: Nichtkriminalisierung als Struktur und Routine...
- Analyzing "Erhard Blankenburg / Klaus Sessar / Wiebke Steffen, 1978 : Die Staatsanwaltschaft im Prozeß strafrechtlicher Sozialkontrolle. Berlin...."
- Reference: Die Staatsanwaltschaft im Prozeß strafrechtlicher Sozialkontrolle....
- Analyzing "Erhard Blankenburg; Siegfried Schönholz, 1979 : Zur Soziologie des Arbeitsgerichtsverfahrens. Neuwied und Darmstadt...."
- Reference: Zur Soziologie des Arbeitsgerichtsverfahrens....
- Analyzing "Erhard Blankenburg, 1980 : Recht als gradualisiertes Konzept, in: Erhard Blankenburg; Ekkehard Klausa und Hubert Rottleuthner (Hrsg.): Alternative Rechtsformen und Alternativen zum Recht, Jahrbuch für..."
- Reference: Recht als gradualisiertes Konzept...
- Analyzing "Jerome- Carlin und Sheldon Messinger, 1967 : Civil Justice and the Poor. New York. Danzig,..."
- Reference: Civil Justice and the Poor....
- Analyzing "Richard Michael Lowy / 1974 /75; Everday Disputes and Mediation in the United States: A Reply to Professor Felstiner, Law and Society Review, vol. 9, pp. 675—694...."
- Reference: Everday Disputes and Mediation in the United States: A Reply to Professor Felstiner...
- Analyzing "Johannes Feest / Erhard Blankenburg, 1972 : Die Definitionsmacht der Polizei. Düsseldorf...."
- Reference: Die Definitionsmacht der Polizei....
- Analyzing "William L. F Felstiner ., 1974 /75: Influences of Social Organization on Dispute processing, in: Law and Society Review, vol. 9, pp. 63—94...."
- Reference: Influences of Social Organization on Dispute processing...
- Analyzing "William L. F Felstiner ., 1974 /75: Avoidance as Dispute Processing: An Elaboration, in: Law and Society Review, vol. 9, pp. 695-706...."
- Reference: Avoidance as Dispute Processing: An Elaboration...
- Analyzing "Marc Galanter, 1974 : Why the ,Haves* Come out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change, in: Law and Society Review, vol. 9, pp. 95—160...."
- Reference: Why the ,Haves* Come out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change...
- Analyzing "Theodor Geiger, 1964 : Vorstudien zu einer Soziologie des Rechts...."
- Reference: Vorstudien zu einer Soziologie des Rechts....
- Analyzing "Volkmar Neuwied. Gessner, 1976 : Recht und Konflikt. Tübingen...."
- Reference: Recht und Konflikt....
- Analyzing "Hartmut Hilden, 1976 : Rechtstatsachen im Räumungsstreit. Frankfurt/Main...."
- Reference: Rechtstatsachen im Räumungsstreit. Frankfurt/Main....
- Analyzing "Earl Johnson, 1979; Thinking about Access: A Preliminary Typology of Possible Strategies. In: Mauro Cappelletti und Bryant Garth (Hrsg.): Access to Justice, Bd. III...."
- Reference: Thinking about Access: A Preliminary Typology of Possible Strategies....
- Analyzing "Milan Alphen Rijn...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Hartmut Koch, 1975 : Das Gerichtsverfahren als Konfliktlösungsprozeß — Einstellung von Klägern und Beklagten zu Mietprozessen. Diss. Hamburg...."
- Reference: Das Gerichtsverfahren als Konfliktlösungsprozeß — Einstellung von Klägern und Beklagten zu Mietprozessen....
- Analyzing "Niklas Luhmann, 1969 : Legitimation durch Verfahren. Neuwied und Darmstadt...."
- Reference: Legitimation durch Verfahren....
- Analyzing "Niklas Luhmann, 1980 : Kommunikation über Recht in Interaktionssystemen, in: Erhard Blankenburg; Ekkehard Klausa und Hubert Rottleuthner (Hrsg.): Alternative Rechtsformen und Alternativen zum Recht, J..."
- Reference: Kommunikation über Recht in Interaktionssystemen...
- Analyzing "Udo Reifner, 1978 : Rechtshilfebedürfnis und Verrechtlichung am Beispiel einer Berliner Mieterinitiative, IIM-dp/78—70...."
- Reference: Rechtshilfebedürfnis und Verrechtlichung am Beispiel einer Berliner Mieterinitiative...
- Analyzing "Udo Reifner, 1979 : Gewerkschaftlicher Rechtsschutz — Geschichte des freigewerkschaftlichen Rechtsschutzes und der Rechtsberatung der Deutschen Arbeitsfront von 1894—1945. IIM-dp/79—104...."
- Reference: Gewerkschaftlicher Rechtsschutz — Geschichte des freigewerkschaftlichen Rechtsschutzes und der Rechtsberatung der Deutschen Arbeitsfront von 1894—1945....
- Analyzing "Udo Reifner und Irmela Gorges, 1980; Alternativen der Rechtsberatung: Dienstleistung, Fürsorge und kollektive Selbsthilfe, in: Erhard Blankenburg; Ekkehard Klausa und Hubert Rottleuthner (Hrsg.): Alte..."
- Reference: Alternativen der Rechtsberatung: Dienstleistung, Fürsorge und kollektive Selbsthilfe...
- Analyzing "Austin Sarat, 1976 : Alternatives in Dispute Processing in a Small Claim Court, in: Law and Society Review, vol. 10, pp. 339—375...."
- Reference: Alternatives in Dispute Processing in a Small Claim Court...
- Analyzing "Siegfried Schönholz, 1980 : Arbeitsplatzsicherung oder Kompensation - Rechtliche Formen des Bestandsschutzes im Vergleich in: Vereinigung für Rechtssoziologie (Hrsg.): Arbeitslosigkeit und Recht. Bade..."
- Reference: Arbeitsplatzsicherung oder Kompensation - Rechtliche Formen des Bestandsschutzes im Vergleich...
- Analyzing "E Steinbach ., 1979 : GMD-Bericht, Manuskript. Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung. Birlinghoven bei Bonn...."
- Reference: GMD-Bericht, Manuskript. Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung....
- Analyzing "Craig Wanner, 1975 : The Public Ordering of Private Cases; Winning Civil Court Cases, in: Law and Society Review, vol. 9, pp. 293-306...."
- Reference: The Public Ordering of Private Cases; Winning Civil Court Cases...
- Analyzing "Geiger 1964, insbesondere S. 65—83...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Vgl. Feest Blankenburg, 1972. Die Konsequenz einer größeren Dunkelziffer bei den von der Polizei selbst entdeckten Straftaten entwickle ich ausführlicher in meinem Beitrag über, Nichtkriminalisierung ..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Nichtkriminalisierung als Struktur und Routine...
- Analyzing "Angaben aus einer Befragung von Peter MacNaughton-Smith und Richard Rosellen zur ' Bereitschaft zur Anzeigeerstattung ' Manuskript Freiburg 1978. Der ausführliche Forschungsbericht von Richard Roselle..."
- Reference: Bereitschaft zur Anzeigeerstattung...
- Reference: Private Verbrechenskontrolle — eine empirische Untersuchung zur Anzeigeerstattung...
- Analyzing "Vgl. Blankenburg Sessar Steffen, 1978, S. 66-85...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Black 1973, S. 125 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Zur höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit der Normierung von Verhalten in weniger komplexen Beziehungen vgl. die Konflikttheorie von Gessner 1976, insbesondere S. 170—183...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Zum Konzept der 'Thematisierung von Recht' vgl. Luhmann 1980, S. 99—112...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Ausführlicher bei Gessner 1976..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Vgl. Schönholz 1980...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Blankenburg Schönholz Rogowski 1979, S. 64 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Hilden 1976, S. 64 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Koch 1975, S. 75 der allerdings nur streitige Urteile und Vergleiche untersucht hat...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Für Angaben der Zählkartenstatistik für die Familiengerichte siehe: Statistisches Bundesamt Wiesbaden, Fachserie 10 (Rechtspflege) Reihe 2.1, Tabelle 10, Wiesbaden 1978...."
- Reference: Fachserie 10 (Rechtspflege) Reihe 2.1, Tabelle 10...
- Analyzing "Blankenburg Schönholz Rogowski 1979, S. 78 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Steinbach 1979 hat in einer Erhebung von 1144 Amtsgerichtsprozessen in der Bundesrepublik ohne Berlin in den Jahren 1974—1976 ein Verhältnis von 1 Räumungsklage je 1,2 Forderungsklagen, in Berlin alle..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Johnson 1979 berichtet von dem erfolgreichen Versuch einer Unfall-Schadensregulierung ohne Berücksichtigung einer Schuldzuschreibung in Neuseeland (no fault accident compensation), S. 90 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Steinbach 1979, S. 66 ff. Blankenburg Blankenburg Morasch 1972, S. 82 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Projektbericht ,Rechtshilfebedürfnisse sozial Schwacher *, (Blankenburg Gorges Reifner Ticmann). Befragt wurden im Januar bis März 1979 je eine Person in 835 Haushalten Westberlins. Veröffentlichung i..."
- Reference: Projektbericht ,Rechtshilfebedürfnisse sozial Schwacher...
- Analyzing "Explizit bei Baumgärtei 1976, S. 113-128...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Laut einer GMD-Erhebung aus der Zählkartenstatistik wurde in Baden-Württemberg 1978 in..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Projektbericht Rechtsschutzversicherung*. (Blankenburg Fiedler), Veröffentlichung voraussichtlich Mitte 1980...."
- Reference: Projektbericht Rechtsschutzversicherung*....
- Analyzing "Vgl. auch Reifner Gorges 1980...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Reifner 1979...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Klassisch bei Carlin Howard Messinger 1967...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Grundsätzlich vgl. hierzu den klassischen Beitrag von Galanter 1974, S. 95—160. Die grösseren Chancen von Firmen, insbesondere bei der großen Zahl von vorstreitigen Erledigungen zeigt Sarat 1976, S. 3..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Bender Schumacher 1980, S. 138...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Steinbach 1979, S. 96 ff vgl. auch Blankenburg Blankenburg Morasch 1972, S. 89 Fn. 17..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Reifner 1978...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Blankenburg Schönholz Rogowski 1979, S. 102 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Vgl. zum Verrechtlichungsbegriff meinen Beitrag über: Recht als gradualisiertes Konzept 1980, S. 83—98...."
- Reference: Recht als gradualisiertes Konzept...
- Analyzing "Steinbach 1979, S. 35 Bender Schumacher 1980, S. 24 und S. 49...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Wanner 1975, S. 293—306 hebt dies deutlich hervor, ebenso Bender Schumacher 1980, S. 72 ff. sowie Galanter 1974; Sarat 1976...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Blankenburg Schönholz Rogowski 1979, S. 78 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Ebenda, S. 138-186...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Luhmann 1969...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Für eine überaus positive Bewertung des .Vermeidens1 vgl. Felstiner Danzig Lowy in Law and Society Review, vol. 9, 1974 /75...."
- Reference: Law and Society Review...
Processing 10.1515_zfrs-1980-0104
- Analyzing "Drobnig Rebbinder (Hrsg.), Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung (1977);..."
- Reference: Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung...
- Analyzing "Rokkan (Hrsg.), Compa rative Research Across Cultures and Nations (Paris, Den Haag 1968);..."
- Reference: Compa rative Research Across Cultures and Nations...
- Analyzing "Rokkan Verba Viet Almasy (Hrsg.), Comparative Sutvey Analysis (Den Haag, Paris 1969); Smelser Comparative Methods in the Social Sciences..."
- Reference: Comparative Sutvey Analysis...
- Analyzing "N. J Englewood Cliffs. 1976); Szalai Petrella (Hrsg.), Cross National Comparative Survey Research (Oxford, New York, Toronto, Sydney, Paris, Frank furt 1977);..."
- Reference: Cross National Comparative Survey Research...
- Analyzing "Vallier (Hrsg.), Comparative Methods in Sociology (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London 1971); Zweigert Kötz. Einführung in die Rechtsvergleichung Bd. I (1971)...."
- Reference: Comparative Methods in Sociology...
- Analyzing "Siehe näher Zweigert Kötz I 12 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Rabel, Aufgabe und Notwendigkeit der Rechtsvergleichung (1925), abgedruckt in: Rabel, Gesammelte Aufsätze III (Hrsg. Leser, 1967) 1 (3)..."
- Reference: Aufgabe und Notwendigkeit der Rechtsvergleichung...
- Reference: Gesammelte Aufsätze...
- Analyzing "Siehe insbes. die Beiträge in Drobnig Rehbinder...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Dazu R. Abel, Law Books and Books About Law, Stanford Law Rev. 26 (1973) 174 ff. Benda-Beckmann, Einige Anmerkungen über die Beziehung zwischen Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung, ZvglRW 78 (1979..."
- Reference: Law Books and Books About Law...
- Reference: Einige Anmerkungen über die Beziehung zwischen Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung...
- Analyzing "Carbonnier, L’apport du droit compare ä la sociologie juridique, in: Livre du centenaire de la Societe de legislation comparee (Paris 1969) 75 (83)..."
- Reference: L’apport du droit compare ä la sociologie juridique...
- Analyzing "Carbonnier (vorige N.) a.a.O...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Nowak, The Strategy of Cross-National Survey Research for the Development of Social Theory, in: Szalai Petrella 3 (9 ff .) Rose, Interkulturelle Forschung in der Rechtssoziologie, in: Drobnig Rehbinde..."
- Reference: The Strategy of Cross-National Survey Research for the Development of Social Theory...
- Reference: Interkulturelle Forschung in der Rechtssoziologie...
- Analyzing "Dazu näher Wirsing, Probleme des interkulturellen Vergleichs in der Ethnologie, Sociologus 25 (1975) 97 ff. - Vgl. auch Poirier, Situation actuelle et Programme de travail de Techno logie juridique, R..."
- Reference: Probleme des interkulturellen Vergleichs in der Ethnologie...
- Reference: Situation actuelle et Programme de travail de Techno logie juridique...
- Analyzing "Macaulay, Elegant Models, Empirical Pictures, and the Complexities of Contract, Law & Soc. Rev. 11 (1977) 507 ff...."
- Reference: Elegant Models, Empirical Pictures, and the Complexities of Contract...
- Analyzing "Rose (oben N. 7) 175...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Dazu Grimshau, Comparative Sociology - In What Ways Different From Other Sociologies?, in: Armer Grimshaw 3 (18) Auch der Oberbegriff „cross System comparison" wird vorgeschlagen, Tomasson, Introducti..."
- Reference: Comparative Sociology - In What Ways Different From Other Sociologies?...
- Reference: Introduction; Comparative Sociology — The State of the Art...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Comparative Survey Analysis — An Annotated Bibliography 1967 — 1973...
- Reference: Comparative Sociology...
- Analyzing "Durkheim, Les règles de la methode sociologique Paris 1977) 137...."
- Reference: Les règles de la methode sociologique...
- Analyzing "Smelser 2 f.; Payne, Comparative Sociology — Some Problems of Theory and Method, Brit. J. Soc. 24 (1973) 13 (15 ff .) Ähnlich auch Eisenstadt, Social Institutions - Comparative Method, in: Internation..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Comparative Sociology — Some Problems of Theory and Method...
- Reference: Social Institutions - Comparative Method...
- Analyzing "Boesch Eckensberger, Methodische Probleme des interkulturellen Vergleichs, in: Graumann (Hrsg.), Handbuch der Psychologie, Bd. Vll 1 (2. Auf], 1969) 514 (520 ff .) — Zur „cultunit“, die vor allem durc..."
- Reference: Methodische Probleme des interkulturellen Vergleichs...
- Reference: A Handbook of Method in Cultural Anthropology...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Näher dazu Zelditch, Intelligible Comparisons, in: Vallier 267 (270 ff .)..."
- Reference: Intelligible Comparisons...
- Analyzing "Carbonnier (oben N. 5) 80...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Siehe Zweigert, Die soziologische Dimension der Rechtsvergleichung, in: Drobnig Rebbinder 151 (159)..."
- Reference: Die soziologische Dimension der Rechtsvergleichung...
- Analyzing "Zu entsprechenden Versuchen etwa Merryman, Comparative Law and Scientific Explanation, in: Law in the United States of America in Social and Technological Revolution (Brüssel 1974) 81 (89 ff .)..."
- Reference: Comparative Law and Scientific Explanation...
- Analyzing "Beispiel von Carbonnier, Sociologie juridique (Paris 1972) 188 N. 1...."
- Reference: Sociologie juridique...
- Analyzing "Dazu Heidrich, Höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung als Triebfehier sozialen Wandels, Jahr buch für Rechtssoziologie und Rechtstheorie 3 (1972) 305 (330 ff .)..."
- Reference: Höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung als Triebfehier sozialen Wandels...
- Analyzing "Insbesondere Zweigert (oben N. 17) 157 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Kaiser, Strafrecht und vergleichende Kriminologie, in: Kaiser Vogler (Hrsg.), Strafrecht, Straf rechtsvergleichung (1975) 79 ff. — Siehe auch Villmow Albrecht, Die Vergleichung als Methode der Strafre..."
- Reference: Strafrecht und vergleichende Kriminologie...
- Reference: Die Vergleichung als Methode der Strafrechtswissenschaft und der Kriminologie...
- Analyzing "So etwa K. H. Neumayer, Ziele und Methoden der Rechtsvergleichung, in: Recueil des travaux suisses présentés au IXe Congrès international de droit compare (1976) 45 (48)..."
- Reference: Ziele und Methoden der Rechtsvergleichung...
- Analyzing "Zur Abgrenzung näher Rehbinder, Erkenntnistheoretisches zum Verhältnis von Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung, in: Drobnig Rehbinder 56 ff...."
- Reference: Erkenntnistheoretisches zum Verhältnis von Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung...
- Analyzing "Näher dazu Merryman (oben N. 18) 101 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Heidrich, Sozialwissenschaftliche Aspekte der Rechtsvergleichung, in: Drobnig Rehbinder 178 (186 ff .)..."
- Reference: Sozialwissenschaftliche Aspekte der Rechtsvergleichung...
- Analyzing "Siehe etwa die Erklärung, warum das „Access to justice movement" in der Bundesrepublik vergleichsweise wenig Widerhall gefunden hat von Blankenburg, Patterns of Legal Culture as a Variable for the Cha..."
- Reference: Patterns of Legal Culture as a Variable for the Chances of Legal Innovation...
- Analyzing "So Rehbinder (oben N. 24) 60...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Dazu R. Abel, Comparative Law and Social Theory, Am. J. Comp. L. 26 (1978) 219 (224 ff .)..."
- Reference: Comparative Law and Social Theory...
- Analyzing "Dazu etwa Smelser 175 f. — Für die Kriminologie siehe Kaiser (oben N. 22) 89 sowie Blazicek Janeksela, Some Comments on Comparative Methodologies in Criminal Justice, Int. J. Crim. Pen 6 (1978) 233 (2..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Some Comments on Comparative Methodologies in Criminal Justice...
- Reference: Comparative Law and Social Change - On the Origins, Style, Decline and Revival of the Law and Development Movement...
- Analyzing "Payne (oben N. 13) 15 25 f...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Däubler, Systemvergleich im Arbeitsrecht? Vorüberlegungen zu einigen Methodenfragen, Demokratie und Recht 1979 / 1 S. 23 (31 ff .) Zum Vergleich mit den sozialistischen Ländern siehe auch Zweigert Put..."
- Reference: Systemvergleich im Arbeitsrecht? Vorüberlegungen zu einigen Methodenfragen...
- Reference: Zur Vergleichbarkeit analoger Rechtsinstitute in verschiede nen Gesellschaftsordnungen...
- Analyzing "Blankenburg, Task Contingencies and National Administrative Culture as Determinants for Labour Market Administration (HM discussion papers 1978 — 23) 5 ff...."
- Reference: Task Contingencies and National Administrative Culture as Determinants for Labour Market Administration...
- Analyzing "Zweigert Kötz I 30 f...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Dazu etwa Armer, Methodology Problems and Possibilities in Comparative Research, in: Armer Grimsbaw 49 (50 ff .) Smelser 182 f. Trommsdorf, Möglichkeiten und Probleme des Kulturvergleichs am Beispiel ..."
- Reference: Methodology Problems and Possibilities in Comparative Research...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Möglichkeiten und Probleme des Kulturvergleichs am Beispiel einer Agressionsstudie...
- Analyzing "Wenn die Strenge elterlicher Strafen gemessen werden soll, kann man etwa darauf ausweichen, welche Strafe die Kinder am meisten fürchten, siehe Malewswka Peyre, Juvenile Deliquency and Development, in..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Juvenile Deliquency and Development...
- Analyzing "Näher Scheuch, The Cross-Cultural Use of Sample Surveys — Problems of Comparability, in: Rokkan 176 (185) Biervert, Der internationale Vergleich, in: van Koolwiyk / Wieken-Mayser (Hrsg.), Techniken em..."
- Reference: The Cross-Cultural Use of Sample Surveys — Problems of Comparability...
- Reference: Der internationale Vergleich...
- Analyzing "Verba, The Uses of Survey Research in the Study of Comparative Politics — Issues and Strategies, in: Rokkan Verba Viet Almasy 56 (80)..."
- Reference: The Uses of Survey Research in the Study of Comparative Politics — Issues and Strategies...
- Analyzing "Gessner, Soziologische Überlegungen zu einer Theorie der angewandten Rechtsvergleichung, in: Drobnig Rehbinder 123 (134 ff .)..."
- Reference: Soziologische Überlegungen zu einer Theorie der angewandten Rechtsvergleichung...
- Analyzing "Nowak (oben N. 7) 42...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Für die Bedeutung der funktionalen Äquivalenz beruft man sich häufig auf Merton, der sie am Beispiel der Religion näher erläutert hat (Social Theory and Social Structure, New York, London, erweiterte ..."
- Reference: Social Theory and Social Structure...
- Analyzing "Rheinstein, Marriage Stability, Divorce, and the Law (Chicago 1972)...."
- Reference: Marriage Stability, Divorce, and the Law...
- Analyzing "Abel (oben N. 4) 194 ff. 221 f. - Siehe auch Wilpert, Die Messung von Mitbestimmungsnormen — Darstellung eines international vergleichenden Forschungsansatzes (HM-Paper 1979 — 13) 2 ff. - Zur Behandlu..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Die Messung von Mitbestimmungsnormen — Darstellung eines international vergleichenden Forschungsansatzes...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Abel (oben N. 4) 207 ff. — Siehe auch Constantinesco, Ideologie als determinierendes Ele ment zur Bildung der Rechtskreise, Zeitschrift für Rechtsvergleichung 19 (1978) 161 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Ideologie als determinierendes Ele ment zur Bildung der Rechtskreise...
- Analyzing "Siehe Blankenburg (oben N. 33) 3 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Rose (oben N. 7) 176...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Dazu etwa Benda-Beckmann (oben N. 4) 55 ff. Constantinesco, Über den Stil der „Stilthe orie" in der Rechtsvergleichung, ZvglRW 78 (1979) 154 ff. mwNachw. — Eine vergleichbare Debatte über „ähnliche“un..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Über den Stil der „Stilthe orie" in der Rechtsvergleichung...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Siehe Zweigert Kötz I 70...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Hofstede, Cultural Determinants of the Exercise of Power in a Hierarchy (Mimeographed, European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management Working Paper 1977 - 8). Ebenso für das Arbeitsrecht Däuble..."
- Reference: Cultural Determinants of the Exercise of Power in a Hierarchy...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Dazu Zweigert Kötz 1 110 f. — Kritisch Benda-Beckmann (oben N. 4) 58 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "IDE-International Research Group, Industrial Democracy in Europe (erscheint bei London 1980) Chapter VIII...."
- Reference: Industrial Democracy in Europe...
- Analyzing "Zweigert Kötz I 78...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "IDE-International Research Group (oben N. 52) Chapter VIII...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Dafür Däubler (oben N. 32) 33...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Siehe dazu Rheinstein, Die Rechtshonoratioren und ihr Einfluß auf Charakter und Funk tion der Rechtsordnungen, RabelsZ 34 (1970) 1 ff. Bernstein, Rechtsstile und Rechtshono ratioren. Ein Beitrag zur M..."
- Reference: Die Rechtshonoratioren und ihr Einfluß auf Charakter und Funk tion der Rechtsordnungen...
- Reference: Rechtsstile und Rechtshono ratioren. Ein Beitrag zur Methode der Rechtsvergleichung...
- Analyzing "Dazu etwa Ruescbemeyer, Lawyers and their Societies -- A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Profession in Germany and the United States (Cambridge, Mass. 1973); ders ., The Legal Profession in Comparat..."
- Reference: Lawyers and their Societies -- A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Profession in Germany and the United States...
- Reference: The Legal Profession in Comparative Perspective...
- Analyzing "Klausa, Politische Inhaltsanalyse von Rechtslehrertexten, ZfS 8 (1979) 362 ff...."
- Reference: Politische Inhaltsanalyse von Rechtslehrertexten...
- Analyzing "Siehe Nowak (oben N. 7) 23 ff. Smelser 167 ff...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Dazu näher Teune, Analysis and Interpretation in Cross-National Survey Research, in: Szalai Petrella 95 (101)..."
- Reference: Analysis and Interpretation in Cross-National Survey Research...
- Analyzing "Siehe dazu Nader Todd, The Disputing Process — Law in Ten Societies (New York 1978)...."
- Reference: The Disputing Process — Law in Ten Societies...
- Analyzing "Siehe zum entsprechenden Problem in der Kriminologie Kaiser (oben N. 22) 88 mwNachw.; Blazicek Janeksela (oben N. 30) 235 f. 242...."
- Reference: Problem in der Kriminologie...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Clinard, Comparative Crime Victimization Surveys — Some Problems and Results, Int. J. Crim, and Pen. 6 (1978) 221 ff...."
- Reference: Comparative Crime Victimization Surveys — Some Problems and Results...
- Analyzing "Siehe Abel-Smith Zander Brooke, Legal Problems and the Citizen (London 1973); Rokumoto, Legal Problems and the Use of Law in Tokio and London - A Preliminary Study in International Comparison, ZfS 7 (..."
- Reference: Legal Problems and the Citizen...
- Reference: Legal Problems and the Use of Law in Tokio and London - A Preliminary Study in International Comparison...
- Reference: Rechtspro bleme oder private Schwierigkeiten — Die Inanspruchnahme von Rechtshilfe in den Nieder landen...
- Analyzing "Dazu Podgdrecki, Comparative Studies on the Attitudes Towards Various Legal Systems, Polish Sociological Bulletin 21 No. 1 (1970) 83 (88 ff .) — Siehe auch Ziegen Zur Effek tivität der Rechtssoziologi..."
- Reference: Comparative Studies on the Attitudes Towards Various Legal Systems...
- Reference: Zur Effek tivität der Rechtssoziologie: die Rekonstruktion der Gesellschaft durch Recht...
- Analyzing "Siehe Podgdrecki, Legal Consciousness as a Research Problem, European Yearbook in Law and Sociology 1977 (Den Haag 1977) 85 (88 ff .)..."
- Reference: Legal Consciousness as a Research Problem...
- Analyzing "Kutchinsky, „The Legal Consciousness“: A Survey of Research on Knowledge and Opinion about Law, in: Podgdrecki Kaupen van Houtte / Vinke Kutchinsky, Knowledge and Opinion about Law (Bristol 1973) 101 ..."
- Reference: The Legal Consciousness“: A Survey of Research on Knowledge and Opinion about Law...
- Analyzing "Podgdrecki, Public Opinion on Law, in: Knowledge and Opinion about Law (vorige N.) 65 (84 ff.)...."
- Reference: Public Opinion on Law...
- Analyzing "Heintz, Interkultureller Vergleich, in: König (Hrsg.), Handbuch der empirischen Sozialfor schung, Bd. 4 (3. Aufl. 1974) 405 (414 f .)..."
- Reference: Interkultureller Vergleich...
- Analyzing "Siehe Hegenbarth, Über methodische und organisatorische Grenzen der empirischen Rechts forschung in Entwicklungsländern, Informationsbrief für Rechtssoziologie April 1979, Son derheft 2, S. 5 ff. mwNa..."
- Reference: Über methodische und organisatorische Grenzen der empirischen Rechts forschung in Entwicklungsländern...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Siehe etwa Gessner, Recht und Konflikt — Eine soziologische Untersuchungprivatrechtlicher Konflikte in Mexiko (1976) 37 ff...."
- Reference: Recht und Konflikt — Eine soziologische Untersuchungprivatrechtlicher Konflikte in Mexiko...
- Analyzing "Vgl. Heintz (oben N. 69) 407...."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Da die theoretischen und technischen Erfordernisse solcher Vergleiche in der Tat komplex sind, bestand in der Kriminologie noch Mitte der sechziger Jahre internationale Überein stimmung, daß vergleich..."
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Reference: Problems in Comparative Criminology...
- Analyzing "Zur Anlage vergleichender Studien näher Rokkan, Vergleichende Sozialwissenschaft (1972) 9 ff. Szalai, The Organization and Execution of Cross-National Survey Research Projects, in: Szalai Petrella 49 ..."
- Reference: Vergleichende Sozialwissenschaft...
- Reference: The Organization and Execution of Cross-National Survey Research Projects...
- Reference with no title element - adding empty biblStruct
- Analyzing "Siehe Blegvad, Methodological Aspects of the Project „Local Legal Systems “, in: Kulcsár (Hrsg.), Sociology of Law and Legal Sciences (Budapest 1977) 97 (99 ff .)..."
- Reference: Methodological Aspects of the Project „Local Legal Systems...
- Analyzing "Dazu näher Zweigert, Die kritische Wertung in der Rechtsvergleichung, Festschrift für Schmitthoff (1973) 403 ff...."
- Reference: Die kritische Wertung in der Rechtsvergleichung...
- Analyzing "Siehe etwa zu vorliegenden französischen Untersuchungen Dörner, Rechtstatsachenforschung und Gesetzgebung — Hinweise zur Entwicklung einer Gesetzgebungssoziologie in Frank reich, Interview und Analyse..."
- Reference: Rechtstatsachenforschung und Gesetzgebung — Hinweise zur Entwicklung einer Gesetzgebungssoziologie in Frank reich...
- Analyzing "Siehe Bryde, Recht und Konflikt — Mexiko und Afrika, Verfassung und Recht in Obersee 12 (1979), 159 ff...."
- Reference: Recht und Konflikt — Mexiko und Afrika...
%% Cell type:code id:90477a6402855f3 tags:
``` python
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